A film festival submission plan is a written strategy that matches a film to appropriate festivals, protects valuable premiere status, controls spending, schedules submissions, and defines what success should look like. The strongest plan is not the longest festival list; it is a selective route built around the film’s goals, eligibility, audience, and available budget.
This guide explains how to build that route and includes a practical 12-month example for an independent short film submitting to U.S. and major international festivals.
Why a submission plan matters
Without a plan, filmmakers often submit impulsively, pay avoidable late fees, enter festivals that do not program comparable work, or accidentally give up premiere eligibility. Rules vary substantially: Cannes’ 2026 Short Films Competition required films to be no longer than 15 minutes and not previously shown at another international festival or online, while Clermont-Ferrand accepted international shorts up to 40 minutes and did not require a premiere.1,2
A useful plan answers six questions before the first fee is paid:
- 1.What is the film trying to achieve?
- 2.Which festivals genuinely fit the film?
- 3.Which premiere statuses must be protected?
- 4.How much can the campaign cost?
- 5.In what order should submissions be made?
- 6.What result would make the campaign worthwhile?
Choose the campaign goal
Start with one primary goal and no more than two secondary goals. A film can pursue several benefits, but treating every possible outcome as equally important produces an unfocused list.
| Goal | Prioritize | Measure success by |
|---|---|---|
| Prestige and industry attention | Selective, influential festivals; recognized competitive sections; markets and filmmaker labs | Major selections, press, meetings, representation inquiries |
| Awards qualification | Festivals and specific awards recognized by the relevant awards body | Qualifying win or eligible screening |
| Distribution or sales | Festivals with buyers, distributors, programmers, markets, or strong online partners | Meetings, offers, licensing conversations |
| Audience building | Genre, identity, issue-based, regional, and community festivals | Attendance, email sign-ups, followers, reviews |
| Filmmaker development | Festivals with Q&As, panels, mentoring, alumni networks, and travel support | Relationships, invitations, collaborations |
| Local impact | Regional festivals and events serving the film’s subject or community | Local press, partner participation, audience discussion |
For most first-time short-film campaigns, a balanced objective works well: pursue a small group of high-impact festivals, a larger group of strong fit-based festivals, and a final group of reputable regional or niche events where attendance and audience response are realistic.
Define the film
Create a one-page film profile before researching festivals. This prevents reputation, social-media hype, or a famous festival name from replacing actual fit.
Record:
- Final runtime, including credits
- Format: narrative, documentary, animation, experimental, music video, or hybrid
- Primary and secondary genres
- Themes, communities, identities, causes, and locations represented
- Country or countries of production
- Production and completion dates
- Director status, such as student, first-time, emerging, or established
- Languages and subtitle availability
- Premiere history and current premiere status
- Recognizable cast, crew, partners, or funders
- Audience most likely to respond
- Available screening formats, especially DCP
- Awards-qualification ambitions
Runtime deserves special attention. The Academy defines an eligible short as 40 minutes or less, including credits; festival definitions may differ, with Sundance treating projects under 50 minutes as shorts and Cannes capping its main short competition at 15 minutes. A film may therefore qualify as a “short” at one festival but not fit another festival’s category or programming needs.3,4,5
Set measurable goals
Replace “get into festivals” with concrete targets. These are planning targets, not promises:
- Submit to 25–35 carefully researched festivals over 12 months
- Keep at least 60% of paid submissions in strong-fit categories
- Submit at the early or regular deadline whenever possible
- Protect world, international, North American, U.S., state, and city premiere options until priority festivals decide
- Attend at least three festivals if selected
- Secure five useful filmmaker or industry relationships
- Collect audience photos, Q&A footage, reviews, and press assets for later distribution
The plan should also identify a stop condition. Examples include reaching the budget ceiling, completing 12–18 months on the circuit, obtaining enough screenings to support a public release, or determining that additional fees no longer improve the film’s prospects.
Build a realistic budget
Separate submission spending from the cost of participating after acceptance. A $50 entry can lead to a much larger travel, lodging, DCP, shipping, captioning, or publicity expense.
Sample short-film budget
| Category | Example allocation |
|---|---|
| Submission fees | $1,500 |
| DCP, captions, subtitles, QC, and deliverables | $500 |
| Travel and lodging reserve | $1,500 |
| Poster, trailer, stills, and design | $300 |
| Shipping, local transport, and contingencies | $200 |
| Total campaign budget | $4,000 |
The numbers above are an illustrative planning model, not an industry standard. Adjust them to the film, geography, and likelihood that the team can attend.
Campaign cost = submission fees + technical deliverables + travel reserve + publicity + contingency
Early deadlines can produce meaningful savings. For the 2027 edition, Sundance listed U.S. and international short-film fees of $55, $75, and $95 across its three deadlines; SXSW listed $55, $70, and $90. Sundance also states that submissions are handled identically across its deadline windows and that the fee is the only difference, so an earlier entry saves money without receiving different formal treatment.6,3
Create festival tiers
A tier system prevents the campaign from becoming a random list of famous names. These strategic campaign tiers are about impact and fit for your film — then cross-check each festival’s legitimacy score on Legit Fests before you pay.
| Tier | Share of list | Purpose | Typical characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: High impact | 15–20% | Prestige, qualification, major industry access | Highly selective; strong brand; strict eligibility may apply |
| B: Best fit | 45–55% | Realistic core of the campaign | Programs similar films; clear audience; worthwhile events |
| C: Niche and regional | 25–35% | Audience, relationships, awards, local momentum | Genre, identity, issue, regional, or filmmaker-focused |
| Watchlist | Not yet funded | Replace poor fits or respond to new information | Rules or dates not confirmed; lower priority |
Do not describe every internationally known festival as Tier A for every film. A respected horror festival may be a stronger strategic target for a horror short than a broad event with little genre programming. “Fit” should outrank fame after the small number of genuine reach submissions has been chosen. How Legit Fests scores tiers →
Research each festival
Review both the submission platform and the festival’s own website. Study at least two or three prior programs, not only the winners, and look for films with comparable runtime, genre, tone, subject, production scale, or filmmaker background.
For each festival, verify:
- Eligible runtime, completion date, country, category, and filmmaker status
- Premiere requirement at the time of screening, not only at submission
- Whether online availability affects eligibility
- Submission deadline, notification date, event dates, and fee
- Required platform, screener format, subtitles, and exhibition format
- Whether selected films receive an actual public screening
- Awards and the exact categories that qualify for external recognition
- Programmer names, venue, prior programs, sponsors, press, and filmmaker support
- Travel assistance, lodging, passes, ticket allocations, Q&As, panels, and networking
- Whether the team could attend and capitalize on selection
Platform pages are useful, but the current official rules should control the decision. Rules change by edition: Tribeca’s 2027 shorts rules required projects to be under 40 minutes and at least a New York regional premiere for competition, while Hot Docs required short films to retain a Toronto premiere.7,8
Score festival fit
Use a weighted score instead of instinct alone.
| Factor | Weight | Scoring question |
|---|---|---|
| Programming fit | 30 | Has the festival recently selected comparable films? |
| Goal alignment | 20 | Does it advance the campaign’s primary objective? |
| Legitimacy and filmmaker value | 20 | Is there verifiable evidence of real screenings and support? |
| Premiere compatibility | 15 | Does it preserve or appropriately use valuable status? |
| Cost and logistics | 10 | Are fee, travel, and deliverables proportionate to likely value? |
| Timing | 5 | Does the decision arrive before conflicting festivals or release plans? |
Score each category from 1 to 5, multiply by its weight, and rank the results. Require a minimum score before spending money, except for a limited number of deliberate reach submissions.
Check festival legitimacy
A listing on a submission platform is useful evidence, not a substitute for due diligence. FilmFreeway says publicly listed live-screening festivals must provide event and venue information, while prior events may need to show photos, press, or other proof; it also recommends checking websites, venues, past winners, reviews, social activity, policies, and organizer transparency.9,10
Positive signals
- A named venue and scheduled in-person screenings
- Archived programs from previous editions
- Identifiable organizers, programmers, and jurors
- Real event photography, local press, ticketing, and audience activity
- Clear rules, refund terms, notification dates, and contact information
- Specific filmmaker benefits rather than vague “exposure” promises
- Sensible award categories connected to screened work
- Reviews that discuss actual screenings and communication
Warning signs
- Dozens or hundreds of paid award categories
- Separate fees for routine craft awards after paying the main entry fee
- No verifiable venue, schedule, team, or prior program
- Monthly awards with little evidence of public screenings
- Pressure to buy trophies, certificates, laurels, or attendance packages
- A name or branding designed to resemble a famous unrelated event
- Guaranteed distribution, celebrity access, or major publicity without evidence
- Every entrant apparently becoming a winner or “official selection”
A small or new festival is not automatically illegitimate. The central question is whether it clearly delivers the screening, audience, communication, and filmmaker experience it advertises. Spot fake festivals guide → · Warning list →
Protect premiere status
Premiere status is a limited asset. Map it geographically before accepting invitations or posting the film publicly.
Track these statuses:
- World premiere
- International premiere
- Continental premiere
- National or U.S. premiere
- Regional premiere
- State premiere
- City or local premiere
- Online premiere
Create a hold list for festivals whose decisions should arrive before lower-priority screenings. Cannes’ 2026 short-film rules excluded films already presented at another international festival or on the internet, whereas Sundance’s 2027 U.S. short category allowed projects completed after December 31, 2025 regardless of premiere status, subject to the edition’s other eligibility rules. This contrast shows why filmmakers should never assume that “shorts have no premiere rules.”11,1
Before accepting a lower-tier invitation, ask:
- 1.Which premiere status would this screening consume?
- 2.Which pending applications could become ineligible?
- 3.When will those higher-priority festivals notify?
- 4.Can the inviting festival delay or geo-restrict the screening?
- 5.Is the immediate opportunity more valuable than the pending possibilities?
Do not publish the complete film online until the protected-premiere phase is over unless the target festivals expressly allow it. A trailer, private password-protected screener, or platform submission is not necessarily treated like a public release, but the current rules of every priority festival should be checked.
Design the submission sequence
Submit in waves based on premiere value, notification timing, and fit.
Wave 1: Premiere-sensitive targets
Enter the small number of festivals that need the cleanest premiere status. Avoid conflicting public screenings until decisions arrive.
Wave 2: High-impact and best-fit festivals
Add prominent U.S. and international festivals whose eligibility remains compatible. Include top genre, documentary, animation, identity, or issue-focused festivals when relevant.
Wave 3: Strong regional and niche events
Target festivals where the film’s subject, cast, crew, setting, or likely audience creates a clear connection. Prioritize events the team can attend.
Wave 4: Proven follow-on opportunities
Use early selections, audience response, press, and awards to guide the final wave. Decline low-value invitations if travel or premiere costs exceed the likely benefit.
Qualification should be treated precisely. An Oscar-qualifying festival does not make every selected short Oscar-eligible; eligibility typically depends on winning a designated qualifying award or meeting another Academy route. The Academy’s festival requirements specify that qualifying awards must be top juried prizes, not runners-up, honorable mentions, or audience awards.4 Browse Oscar-qualifying festivals →
Prepare the submission package
Complete the package before the first deadline so later submissions require only small adaptations.
Core materials
- Final private screener with tested password and long availability window
- Film title, runtime, country, completion date, language, genre, and aspect ratio
- One-sentence logline
- Short synopsis, approximately 50 words
- Medium synopsis, approximately 100–150 words
- Director’s statement
- Director biography and headshot
- Producer and key cast or crew biographies
- Full credits
- Three to five high-resolution film stills with captions and credits
- Key art or poster without festival laurels
- Trailer or teaser
- Dialogue list and English subtitle file
- Music, archive, artwork, location, and performance clearances
- Exhibition file or DCP plan
- Contact details and social links
- Accessibility assets, including captions and audio description when available
Many festivals rely on a secure online screener during selection and may require DCP after acceptance. SXSW’s 2027 rules required a working secure link available through the review period and stated that selected films would screen on DCP; Palm Springs ShortFest similarly required a digital screener and DCP availability if selected.12,6
Use one stable screener URL and avoid changing the password without notifying every festival. Proofread names and credits before submitting because some platforms or festival forms may lock fields after entry.
Track every submission
A spreadsheet, database, or dedicated planning tool should become the campaign’s source of truth. FilmFreeway listings include a notification date by which the festival is expected to issue a final judging status, making that field essential for both scheduling and follow-up.13
| Field | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Festival and edition | Prevents confusion between annual cycles |
| Tier and fit score | Keeps spending aligned with strategy |
| Category | Confirms the correct competition |
| Official rules URL | Preserves the primary source |
| Platform | Records where the submission lives |
| Runtime and eligibility cap | Prevents category mistakes |
| Premiere requirement | Protects geographic and online status |
| Completion-date rule | Prevents ineligible entries |
| Early, regular, and late deadlines | Supports lower-cost submission |
| Fee paid and currency | Maintains the budget |
| Submission date and confirmation | Proves timely entry |
| Screener URL, password, and expiry | Prevents access failures |
| Notification date | Schedules follow-up and hold decisions |
| Festival dates | Reveals clashes and travel needs |
| Status | Watchlist, submitted, selected, waitlisted, rejected, withdrawn |
| Award qualification | Records the precise category and award |
| Travel estimate | Tests whether selection is usable |
| Notes and contacts | Preserves conversations and commitments |
Review the tracker weekly during active deadlines and immediately after every selection, rejection, withdrawal, or rule change.
Step-by-step timeline
The timeline below begins six months before the first major submission and continues through release. If the film is already complete, compress the preparation phases without skipping rights, eligibility, and screener checks.
Six months before submissions
- Define the campaign’s primary and secondary goals.
- Create the film profile and identify any runtime or completion-date constraints.
- Build a longlist of 60–80 festivals using official sites, prior programs, awards-body lists, reputable submission platforms, and peer recommendations.
- Estimate the total campaign budget, including travel and technical delivery.
- Identify the premiere statuses that may be valuable.
Five months before submissions
- Score the longlist for programming fit, goals, legitimacy, premiere compatibility, cost, and timing.
- Reduce it to approximately 25–35 funded targets plus a watchlist.
- Place festivals into Tiers A, B, and C.
- Map decision dates and potential premiere conflicts.
- Begin music, archive, appearance, and location clearance review.
Four months before submissions
- Lock picture or identify which festivals allow work-in-progress cuts.
- Complete sound mix, color, captions, subtitles, and quality control.
- Draft the logline, synopses, director’s statement, biography, and credits.
- Commission or create the poster, stills, headshot, and trailer.
- Reserve enough money for the first two submission waves.
Three months before submissions
- Upload the final private screener and test it on multiple devices and accounts.
- Create platform profiles and ensure names, runtime, credits, and country data match.
- Confirm current rules on each official festival site.
- Request student, alumni, nonprofit, regional, or hardship discounts only when applicable.
- Set calendar reminders at least two weeks before early deadlines.
Two months before submissions
- Submit to the first premiere-sensitive targets at early deadlines.
- Save confirmations, receipts, rule PDFs, and screener details.
- Recheck that no public screening or online release compromises pending targets.
- Prepare a short, specific note for festivals that accept relevant contextual information.
One month before submissions
- Submit the remaining Wave 1 entries.
- Audit the package for broken links, expiring passwords, typos, and incomplete fields.
- Confirm that projected completion dates and delivery formats remain realistic.
- Remove any festival whose rules, venue, ownership, or value cannot be verified.
Months 1–3 of the campaign
- Launch Wave 2 after reviewing new deadlines and premiere compatibility.
- Monitor screener access and email confirmations.
- Research newly announced programs, but do not add festivals merely to increase the submission count.
- Update the tracker weekly and reconcile the remaining budget.
Months 4–6
- Process early decisions and compare invitations against unresolved premiere-sensitive targets.
- Accept valuable invitations promptly and obtain screening, travel, accreditation, and deliverable details in writing.
- Submit to Wave 3 regional, niche, and best-fit festivals.
- Build press and social assets around confirmed selections without overstating award or qualification status.
Months 7–9
- Attend priority festivals when feasible; participate in Q&As, panels, filmmaker events, and meetings.
- Record useful contacts and follow up within several days.
- Save program pages, photographs, reviews, awards, and audience responses.
- Re-score the remaining watchlist using what the campaign has revealed about the film’s strongest audience.
Months 10–12
- Complete the final submission wave only where the marginal value justifies the cost.
- Review spending, selections, attendance, press, awards, relationships, and distribution interest.
- Choose the online or public release date after remaining premiere obligations expire.
- Prepare a final campaign report and archive all deliverables, correspondence, rights documents, and screening history.
Example short-film plan
Film profile
Film: The Last Porch Light — a hypothetical 12-minute U.S. narrative drama about an adult daughter returning to rural North Carolina to close her late father’s repair shop.
Attributes: First-time director; English dialogue; strong regional identity; family, grief, caregiving, and rural-community themes; completed in June; DCP and captions available.
Primary goal: Build filmmaker credibility and meaningful audience engagement.
Secondary goals: Pursue recognized short-film awards opportunities and develop relationships for a first feature.
Campaign limits: $4,000 total, including $1,500 for entry fees; 30 paid submissions; 12-month active submission window; three priority trips.
Target mix
| Tier | Number | Examples of targets |
|---|---|---|
| A: High impact | 5 | Major U.S. discovery festivals, leading international short-film festivals, one carefully chosen premiere-sensitive event |
| B: Best fit | 15 | Strong narrative-short programs, Southern U.S. festivals, rural-storytelling events, emerging-director showcases |
| C: Niche and regional | 10 | North Carolina and neighboring-state festivals, grief or caregiving programs, community-centered festivals |
| Watchlist | 10 | Replacement options pending confirmed dates, rules, and budget |
The example avoids promising a fixed list of named festivals because eligibility, dates, fees, and premiere rules change with each edition. For orientation, current official information shows the range of strategic differences: Clermont-Ferrand’s 2027 international competition allowed shorts up to 40 minutes with no premiere requirement, Berlinale Shorts sought world or international premieres, and Palm Springs ShortFest accepted shorts up to 40 minutes with DCP delivery required upon selection.2,14,12
Example submission calendar
| Month | Action | Decision rule |
|---|---|---|
| January | Define goals, profile the film, and build an 80-festival longlist | Exclude events with no evident program fit |
| February | Score festivals, confirm legitimacy, and map premiere restrictions | Fund only the top 30 plus a watchlist |
| March | Complete rights review, captions, stills, poster, and written materials | Do not submit an uncleared or weak work-in-progress cut |
| April | Lock the screener, conduct QC, and finalize the tracker | Test links and subtitles outside the production team |
| May | Submit to up to three premiere-sensitive international targets | Hold public release and conflicting screenings |
| June | Submit to two additional high-impact targets and first best-fit events | Prefer early deadlines where available |
| July | Review budget and add five strong genre, regional, or thematic fits | Require a fit score above the campaign threshold |
| August | Submit the second best-fit group | Do not use late fees unless strategic value is exceptional |
| September | Evaluate early invitations and premiere conflicts | Accept based on total value, not the laurel alone |
| October | Add regional and niche events the team can attend | Favor real audience and filmmaker engagement |
| November | Attend selected events and follow up with contacts | Record outcomes within 72 hours |
| December | Review the first six months and replace weak watchlist entries | Stop entries that do not advance a stated goal |
| January–March | Complete final targeted wave and assess public-release timing | End spending at the budget or value threshold |
| April–June | Finish priority screenings and launch public release | Preserve required records and screening history |
Example decision
Assume the film receives an invitation from a reputable regional festival before a premiere-sensitive international target has announced decisions. The team should identify exactly which status the regional screening would consume, ask whether the screening date can move, and compare the confirmed local value with the uncertain international opportunity. The plan does not automatically favor prestige; it makes the trade-off explicit and documented.
After acceptance
Selection is the start of a new workstream, not the end of the campaign.
- 1.Confirm the screening date, time, venue, format, premiere status, and award category in writing.
- 2.Deliver the correct DCP or exhibition file before the technical deadline.
- 3.Ask about filmmaker accreditation, guest tickets, travel support, lodging, Q&A format, panels, parties, and press opportunities.
- 4.Provide approved stills, synopsis, biography, credits, captions, and pronunciation notes.
- 5.Coordinate announcements with the festival and use only authorized laurels.
- 6.Prepare a 30-second introduction and concise Q&A answers about origin, process, themes, and next projects.
- 7.Schedule meetings before arrival rather than hoping networking happens spontaneously.
- 8.Follow up with useful contacts shortly after the festival.
Do not imply that an official selection itself qualifies the film for an award body. State the exact fact: the film was selected, nominated, won a named prize, or became eligible through a designated qualifying award.
After rejection
A rejection does not show that the film is poor or that the festival failed to view it. Programming depends on fit, available slots, runtime balance, premiere considerations, themes, and the shape of the complete program.
Use each decision operationally:
- Update the tracker immediately.
- Release any premiere hold that no longer applies.
- Move the saved budget to a better-fitting watchlist festival.
- Review the strategy after a meaningful sample of decisions, not after every email.
- Avoid repeatedly recutting the film unless consistent, credible feedback identifies a real problem.
- Keep communication professional; selection decisions are normally final.
FAQ
How many film festivals should a short film enter?
There is no universal number. A selective list of 20–40 strong matches is often more defensible than an indiscriminate list of 100, but the right number depends on budget, goals, genre, premiere restrictions, and campaign length. Set a spending ceiling and a minimum fit score rather than chasing a submission count.
Should a filmmaker submit early?
Usually, yes. Early submissions can cost less, and they create more room to correct administrative problems. However, a finished and properly checked film is more important than reaching an early deadline with a weak cut; SXSW notes that it is only guaranteed to review the first version submitted.
Are FilmFreeway festivals automatically legitimate?
No platform listing removes the need for research. FilmFreeway applies requirements to public listings and verifies live-screening information, but it still advises filmmakers to investigate the official website, venue, organizers, prior events, reviews, policies, and promises.
What does “Oscar-qualifying festival” mean?
It generally means that one or more designated juried awards at that festival can provide a route to Academy eligibility when the film and award meet current Academy rules. It does not mean that every submission, selection, nomination, audience award, or screening qualifies.
Can a short film be released online before festivals?
Sometimes, but not safely as a general rule. Some festivals accept publicly available films, while others restrict prior online exhibition. Protect the film’s most valuable premiere options until the current rules of priority festivals have been checked.
How long should a festival campaign last?
A practical starting point is 12 months of active submissions followed by completion of already-booked screenings and a planned public release. The exact window should reflect completion-date rules, momentum, budget, and whether further entries still advance the film’s stated goals.
Final checklist
Before paying any submission fee, confirm:
- The festival fits a written campaign goal.
- The film is eligible by runtime, completion date, category, country, and filmmaker status.
- The submission will not damage a more valuable premiere opportunity.
- The festival has a verifiable event, team, venue, history, and filmmaker value.
- The official rules and dates have been checked for the current edition.
- The screener, password, subtitles, credits, and contact details work.
- The fee and possible travel cost fit the remaining budget.
- The tracker contains the deadline, notification date, event dates, rules URL, and status.
- The team knows what it will do if the film is selected.
- The expected value is greater than simply collecting another laurel.
The best film festival plan is disciplined enough to protect scarce money and premiere status, but flexible enough to respond to selections, rejections, and new opportunities. Build the route around the film, verify every festival, and judge the campaign by meaningful outcomes rather than the number of entries.
References
- 1.Short films In Competition - Regulations 2026 — Cannes short-film duration and prior-presentation rules.
- 2.Submit a film - Le Court (Clermont-Ferrand) — Clermont-Ferrand international short submission guidance.
- 3.Submitting Your Project to the 2027 Sundance Film Festival — Sundance 2027 submissions FAQ, including fees and review treatment.
- 4.Short Films Qualifying Festival Application Requirements — Academy rules for qualifying short-film festival awards.
- 5.Submit a film — Festival de Cannes — Cannes short competition runtime overview.
- 6.Film & TV Festival Short Film Application — SXSW — SXSW short submission fees, runtime, and review notes.
- 7.2027 Festival Submissions & Deadlines — Tribeca — Tribeca shorts rules and premiere requirements.
- 8.Submit to Hot Docs Festival — Hot Docs short-film premiere requirements.
- 9.What is required to list my festival on FilmFreeway? — FilmFreeway public-listing requirements for live-screening festivals.
- 10.Guide to Identifying Suspicious Festivals — FilmFreeway — Platform guidance for researching suspicious festivals.
- 11.Rules & regulations for submitting to the 2027 Sundance Film Festival — Sundance 2027 eligibility and premiere rules by category.
- 12.Palm Springs International ShortFest — ShortFest runtime and DCP delivery notes.
- 13.When will I find out if my submission is Selected by a festival? — FilmFreeway notification-date field guidance.
- 14.Berlinale Shorts Regulations — Berlinale Shorts premiere and delivery expectations.
Research festivals before you submit
Use scores, tiers, and red flags to vet every name on your A/B/C list.
